{"id":737,"date":"2024-12-19T13:40:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-19T11:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/?p=737"},"modified":"2025-11-19T14:01:23","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T12:01:23","slug":"methods-for-ensuring-secure-connections-using-ssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/en\/safety\/methods-for-ensuring-secure-connections-using-ssh\/","title":{"rendered":"Methods for ensuring secure connections using SSH"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Setting up secure network connections between client machines and the server is an essential part of the overall Internet security mechanism when working online. In particular, it makes it possible to organize a reliable user authorization system and prevent external interference with transmitted traffic \u2014 that is, hacking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>SSH (Secure Shell)<\/strong> protocol is one of the few that can provide complete data protection, provided that several formal configuration rules are followed. Let\u2019s take a closer look at the protocol\u2019s capabilities and how to configure it correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SSH Protocol Characteristics and Operation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We will focus on the free implementation of the SSH protocol \u2014 <strong>OpenSSH<\/strong>, which is the most widespread and therefore the most popular among hosting center administrators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>OpenSSH<\/strong> is implemented as a set of software components, each responsible for a specific function. Here are some of its main components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ssh<\/strong> \u2014 establishes a remote connection;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sftp<\/strong> \u2014 provides file transfer over the network;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sshd<\/strong> \u2014 the server-side daemon that manages access to data;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ssh-keygen<\/strong> \u2014 generates a private and public key pair on request.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The protocol uses a client\u2013server architecture in which the server receives connection requests from clients on a specific port (by default, port <strong>22<\/strong>). Then the client authentication process takes place; if it succeeds, the server grants the client access to the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There may be several authentication methods. Below are the main ones, listed in order of increasing security:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Password authentication;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Authentication using a key pair;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Two-factor authentication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Password authentication offers the lowest level of protection due to its fundamental design. In this case, the password must always be stored on the server, which will sooner or later lead to its compromise, regardless of complexity \u2014 it\u2019s only a matter of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A key pair allows for a sufficiently secure protection system, provided that all formal rules are followed \u2014 for example, never sharing your private key with anyone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Client authentication in this case works as follows: using the <strong>ssh-keygen<\/strong> utility, a pair of character sequences is generated, one of which is the owner\u2019s private password (private key), and the other (public key) must be transferred to the machines the owner plans to connect to and placed in the <strong>.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/strong> directory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During authentication, the server requests the client\u2019s private key, and if it matches the public key \u2014 access is granted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Two-factor authentication<\/strong> is the most secure option. Today, it is widely used \u2014 in banking systems, email account protection, and user accounts on online marketplaces, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its principle is based on using an additional security factor (token) transmitted via an independent communication channel in real time. For example, a code word in a bank SMS message is such a token, while GSM communication is an independent transmission channel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SSH capabilities allow you to use any of these authentication methods on the server, their combination, or all of them together. Typically, the most secure options are chosen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Means of Managing the SSH Protocol<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can manage the protocol via the terminal\u2019s command mode or by changing the configuration file parameters, which include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the system file <strong>ssh_config<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the user file named <strong>config<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the server file <strong>sshd_config<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The priority of these management methods (in descending order) is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Commands with parameters in terminal mode;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Configuration of the user config file;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Configuration of the system and server config files.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By using configuration file parameters, you can easily enforce the required security level of the network connection or the client authentication system. Below we examine one of the protection schemes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Security Parameters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can conditionally highlight a group of SSH configuration parameters that directly or indirectly influence the security level of the connection or how client authentication is organized. Here are some of them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>AuthenticationMethods<\/strong> \u2013 sets the active authentication methods;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PasswordAuthentication<\/strong> \u2013 enables or disables password-based authentication;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PubkeyAuthentication<\/strong> \u2013 enables or disables public-key authentication;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ClientAliveInterval<\/strong> \u2013 defines the time when there is no activity from the client;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MaxAuthTries<\/strong> \u2013 defines the maximum number of connection attempts from a client within a single session;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PermitRootLogin<\/strong> \u2013 allows or prohibits remote login to the server as the root user;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AllowUser<\/strong>, <strong>DenyUser<\/strong> \u2013 define the set of users who are allowed (<em>AllowUser<\/em>) or denied (<em>DenyUser<\/em>) login;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Port<\/strong> \u2013 sets the port for client connections;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CheckHostIP<\/strong> \u2013 enables or disables checking the client\u2019s IP address against the list in the <strong>known_hosts<\/strong> file. These are the addresses of machines that have previously connected, i.e. trusted hosts, whose public keys are also stored there.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practical Implementation of the Protection Scheme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On our server running <strong>Ubuntu 22.04<\/strong>, we\u2019ll set the required security parameter values in the SSH configuration files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the terminal, using the <strong>nano<\/strong> editor, open the system file <strong>ssh_config<\/strong> and apply the following settings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ nano \/etc\/ssh\/ssh_config<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"644\" src=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image001-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-511\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;width:20px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image001-4.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image001-4-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image001-4-768x485.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We changed the default security parameter values to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">PasswordAuthentication     no<br>PubkeyAuthentication       yes<br>MaxAuthTries               3<br>PermitRootLogin            no<br>AllowUser                  sany, serg<br>Port                       27<br>CheckHostIP                yes<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a result, we implemented a protection scheme in which:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Password authentication is disabled;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Public key authentication is enabled;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A maximum of <strong>3<\/strong> authentication attempts per session is enforced (default is <strong>6<\/strong>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Remote root login is disabled;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The set of users who are allowed to log in is restricted;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The default port is changed to <strong>27<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IP address verification is enabled against entries stored in <strong>known_hosts<\/strong>. This means connections are accepted only from previously verified machines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We implemented this security scheme solely using SSH\u2019s own management tools, without resorting to external software such as <strong>IPTABLES<\/strong> or similar. This, firstly, speeds up data processing, and secondly, simplifies configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, different protection schemes can be used depending on the specific situation, but the basic elements outlined here should be present in any case.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The capabilities of the SSH protocol and its proper configuration. Methods for ensuring secure connections using the Secure Shell protocol.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-safety"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Methods for ensuring secure connections using SSH - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 Hosting in Ukraine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The capabilities of the SSH protocol and its proper configuration. 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