{"id":671,"date":"2025-08-28T13:26:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-28T10:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/?p=671"},"modified":"2025-10-28T13:38:23","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T11:38:23","slug":"keruvannya-zhurnalamy-avtentyfikacziyi-v-linux-systemah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/nalashtuvannya-pz\/keruvannya-zhurnalamy-avtentyfikacziyi-v-linux-systemah\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0454 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\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0446\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 Linux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0457\u0457 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0417 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0439, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0457, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0457\u0457 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456. \u0414\u043e \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 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\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c <strong>auth.log<\/strong> \u0456 <strong>lastlog<\/strong>. \u0414\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u2014 <strong>btmp<\/strong> \u0456 <strong>wtmp<\/strong>. \u0423\u0441\u0456 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0456 <code>\/var\/log\/<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423 <strong>auth.log<\/strong> \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0456\u0432, \u0443 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\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0423 <strong>lastlog<\/strong> \u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0423 <strong>btmp<\/strong> \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443 \u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0423 <strong>wtmp<\/strong> \u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0417\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0457 \u0434\u043b\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041a\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044c \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0456 \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0457\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0429\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u044e Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0457\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d, \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0443 \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0449\u043e. \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0457\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0412\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 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\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f\u043c \u0437\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0426\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0437 \u043a\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0454 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 <strong>tail<\/strong> \u0456 <strong>less<\/strong>, \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 tail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0426\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0439 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\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0457 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454\u043c\u043e \u0457\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0456\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ tail \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"227\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image001-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image001-12.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image001-12-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image001-12-768x171.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0437 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443 <code>auth.log<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438. \u0427\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c? \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0446\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0456 \u043f\u2019\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Dec 18 15:33:42<\/td><td>dedicated<\/td><td>systemd-logind[603]<\/td><td>New session 7664 of user root. &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dec 18 15:33:42<\/td><td>dedicated<\/td><td>systemd: pam_unix(systemd-user:session)<\/td><td>session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0) &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dec 18 15:37:27<\/td><td>dedicated<\/td><td>sshd[1642251]<\/td><td>Unable to negotiate with 218.92.0.59 port 4966: no matching key exchange method found. Their offer: diffie-hellman-group1-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1 [preauth] &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dec 18 15:37:34<\/td><td>dedicated<\/td><td>sshd[1642253]<\/td><td>Unable to negotiate with 220.77.114.179 port 60039: no matching host key type found. Their offer: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss [preauth] &nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dec 18 15:38:02<\/td><td>dedicated<\/td><td>sshd[1642255]<\/td><td>Invalid user Oracle from 104.248.14.84 port 60530<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042f\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0457;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u2014 \u0456\u043c\u2019\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0445\u0456\u0434;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u2014 \u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f (systemd-logind, sshd \u0442\u043e\u0449\u043e);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434: \u00ab\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0456\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430 root\u00bb \u0430\u0431\u043e \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447 Oracle \u0437 IP 104.248.14.84\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u043f\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c <strong>tail<\/strong> \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0433\u043d\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u044e. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u044e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ man tail<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"660\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image003-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image003-11.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image003-11-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image003-11-768x497.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 10, \u0430 3 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ tail -n3 \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"100\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image005-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image005-11.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image005-11-300x29.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image005-11-768x75.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0429\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456, \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0456\u044f <strong>-f<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ tail -f \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"242\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image007-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image007-10.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image007-10-300x71.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image007-10-768x182.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 less<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043a\u0443, \u0432\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ less \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"588\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image009-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image009-10.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image009-10-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image009-10-768x443.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ man less<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"615\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image011-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image011-9.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image011-9-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image011-9-768x463.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>-s<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0438;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-a<\/code> \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>-Dxcolor<\/code> \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u043a \u0437\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u2014 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0435\u044e <strong>Q<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0412\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438 <strong>last<\/strong> \u0456 <strong>lastlog<\/strong>, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0437 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u0437 \u0431\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0456\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 last<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456 (\u0437 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443 <code>\/var\/log\/btmp<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ last<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"627\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image013-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image013-9.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image013-9-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image013-9-768x472.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0456\u043c\u2019\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0457;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0426\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 lastlog<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 <code>\/var\/log\/lastlog<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ lastlog<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"643\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image015-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image015-7.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image015-7-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image015-7-768x484.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f: \u0456\u043c\u2019\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, IP, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 <strong>Never logged in<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">$ lastlog --before 2<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1020\" height=\"627\" src=\"http:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image017-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image017-6.png 1020w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image017-6-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/image017-6-768x472.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0426\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0431\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0410 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0456\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u043a <strong>F2B (Fail2Ban)<\/strong>, \u0446\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nalashtuvannya-pz"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u041a\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 Hosting in Ukraine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0432 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 Linux-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u041a\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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