{"id":432,"date":"2024-05-15T14:56:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T11:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/?p=432"},"modified":"2025-10-15T15:14:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T12:14:08","slug":"logrotate-capabilities-for-managing-logs-on-linux-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/en\/software-configuration\/logrotate-capabilities-for-managing-logs-on-linux-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"LogRotate capabilities for managing logs on Linux systems"},"content":{"rendered":"

Launching any program or process in a Linux<\/strong> environment is accompanied by the creation of a log to record all changes related to their operation. Logs<\/strong> are entries made in these journals. This information is used by the server to organize its work and serves as a starting point for identifying possible system failures.<\/p>

However, over time, log files increase in size, so they require maintenance. LogRotate<\/strong> is part of the basic Linux system software and is designed to perform these functions. Let\u2019s take a closer look at how it works.<\/p>

Log management mechanism in Linux-like systems<\/h2>

The LogRotate<\/strong> program works automatically and generally doesn\u2019t require configuration. However, for greater flexibility in log management and convenience for the system administrator, it still needs to be adjusted according to specific requirements.<\/p>

For this purpose, several levels of control have been provided by developers, which we\u2019ll review below. But first, let\u2019s outline the sequence of operations that ensure proper log maintenance and management.<\/p>

Log system maintenance consists of adding new entries to the logs and ensuring their automatic rotation. The sequence of actions is approximately as follows:<\/p>

  • creating an empty log immediately after initializing a new process;<\/li>
  • adding entries to the log whenever an event occurs related to the running process;<\/li>
  • archiving the log file once it becomes full;<\/li>
  • placing the created archive in a predefined directory.<\/li> <\/ul>

    As mentioned earlier, LogRotate settings can be managed at several levels. Their priority corresponds to the reverse order in the list below. These levels include:<\/p>

    • system level;<\/li>
    • individual process level;<\/li>
    • user level.<\/li> <\/ul>

      System level.<\/strong>
      The basic level defines the main operations that the program performs for any process \u2014 log creation, archiving, moving, etc. Settings are stored in the logrotate.conf<\/code> configuration file.<\/p>

      Individual process level.<\/strong>
      This level allows managing the program\u2019s behavior for any running process \u2014 both system and user-level ones. It is implemented through configuration files stored for each process in the system directory logrotate.d<\/code>.<\/p>

      User level.<\/strong>
      This allows custom settings for each user individually. In this case, the LogRotate<\/strong> configuration file and log files are located in the user\u2019s home directory. These settings have the highest priority and override any default values specified in the system configuration file.<\/p>

      Below are examples of configuration changes for each of these levels.<\/p>

      System-level LogRotate configuration<\/h2>

      We\u2019ll use a server running Ubuntu 22.04<\/strong>.
      First, let\u2019s find out which version of the program is installed in the system. To do this, enter the following command in the terminal:<\/p> 

      $ logrotate --version<\/pre>   
      \"\"<\/figure>   
      As we can see, version 3.19.0<\/strong> is installed.<\/p>   
      Next, let\u2019s view the contents of the main configuration file using the command:<\/p>   
      $ nano \/etc\/logrotate.conf<\/pre>   
      \"\"<\/figure>   
      The general operations and settings for managing logs of all processes running in the system look like this:<\/p>   
      weekly
      su root adm
      rotate 4
      create
      include \/etc\/logrotate.d<\/pre>   
      Here:<\/p>   
         
      • weekly<\/strong> \u2014 runs the program once a week;<\/li>   
      • su root adm<\/strong> \u2014 sets the default administrative group;<\/li>   
      • rotate 4<\/strong> \u2014 maximum number of old log files to keep;<\/li>   
      • create<\/strong> \u2014 creates new log files;<\/li>   
      • include \/etc\/logrotate.d<\/strong> \u2014 specifies the directory path containing configuration files for individual processes.<\/li> <\/ul>   
        If necessary, these parameters can be modified directly in this file, but such changes will affect all<\/strong> processes, so it\u2019s usually better to use other configuration levels.<\/p> \n 
        Process-level log management<\/h2>   
        This level allows for more flexible configuration of the program for each process individually.<\/p>   
        Let\u2019s view the contents of the system directory logrotate.d<\/code>, which stores configuration files (their names correspond to process names):<\/p>   
        $ ls -l \/etc\/logrotate.d<\/pre>   
        \"\"<\/figure>   
        For example, the configuration file for the error reporting service apport<\/strong> has the same name.<\/p>   
        Let\u2019s view its contents:<\/p>   
        $ cat \/etc\/logrotate.d\/apport<\/pre>   
        \"\"<\/figure>   
        We get the following result:<\/p>   
        daily
        rotate 7
        delaycompress
        compress
        notifempty
        missingok<\/pre>   
        Parameter explanations:<\/p>   
           
        • daily<\/strong> \u2014 runs the program daily;<\/li>   
        • compress<\/strong> \u2014 compresses the log file;<\/li>   
        • delaycompress<\/strong> \u2014 delays compression until the next rotation;<\/li>   
        • notifempty<\/strong> \u2014 prevents rotation if the log file is empty;<\/li>   
        • missingok<\/strong> \u2014 ignores missing log files without showing an error.<\/li> <\/ul>   
          Log storage location for apport<\/strong>:
          \/var\/log\/apport.log<\/code>.<\/p>   
          Let\u2019s create our own configuration file for a custom process called user-proc<\/strong>:<\/p>   
          $ nano \/etc\/logrotate.d\/user-proc<\/pre>   
          Add the following code:<\/p>   
          \/var\/log\/user-proc\/*.log {

           weekly
           rotate 5
           compress
           create
           missingok
           notifempty
           sharedscripts
           
           postrotate
           systemctl reload user-proc
           endscript

          }<\/pre>   
          \"\"<\/figure>   
          Explanation of new parameters:<\/p>   
             
          • sharedscripts<\/strong> \u2014 allows shared scripts to run once for all logs;<\/li>   
          • postrotate<\/strong> \u2014 defines a script to run after rotation;
            in this case, it reloads the user-proc<\/strong> process.<\/li> <\/ul>   
            Create a directory for this process\u2019s logs:<\/p>   
            $ mkdir \/var\/log\/user-proc<\/pre>   
            \"\"<\/figure>   
            Check the configuration in debug mode:<\/p>   
            $ sudo logrotate \/etc\/logrotate.conf --debug<\/pre>   
            \"\"<\/figure>   
            \"\"<\/figure>   
            Among the results, you\u2019ll see lines like:<\/p>   
            rotating pattern: \/var\/log\/user-proc\/*.log weekly (5 rotations)
            empty log files are not rotated, old logs are removed<\/pre>   
            This means that the user-proc<\/strong> configuration has been successfully created.<\/p>   
            User-level log management<\/h2>   
            First, let\u2019s create a user for whom we\u2019ll configure logging:<\/p>   
            $ sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash -c \"Admin User Ubuntu\" userubuntu<\/pre>   
            \"\"<\/figure>   
            Here:<\/p>   
               
            • userubuntu<\/strong> \u2014 the new user\u2019s name;<\/li>   
            • -m<\/strong> \u2014 creates a home directory;<\/li>   
            • -s<\/strong> \u2014 specifies the shell;<\/li>   
            • -c<\/strong> \u2014 adds a comment.<\/li> <\/ul>   
              Create the configuration file:<\/p>   
              $ nano \/home\/userubuntu\/logrotate.conf<\/pre>   
              Add the following lines:<\/p>   
              \/home\/userubuntu\/logs\/*.log {
               
               daily
               rotate 12
               missingok
               create
               compress
              }<\/pre>   
              \"\"<\/figure>   
              Now let\u2019s create a directory for logs and a log file:<\/p>   
              $ mkdir \/home\/userubuntu\/logs
              $ echo > \/home\/userubuntu\/logs\/access.log<\/pre>   
              \"\"<\/figure>   
              Check if the configuration works properly:<\/p>   
              $ logrotate \/home\/userubuntu\/logrotate.conf --state \/home\/userubuntu\/logrotate-state --verbose<\/pre>   
              \"\"<\/figure>   
              The output will include:<\/p>   
              rotating pattern: \/home\/userubuntu\/logs\/*.log after 1 days (12 rotations)
              empty log files are rotated, old logs are removed
              considering log \/home\/userubuntu\/logs\/access.log
              Now: 2023-09-21 09:59
              Last rotated at 2023-09-21 09:00
              log does not need rotating (log has already been rotated)<\/pre>   
              Let\u2019s check the state file:<\/p>   
              $ nano \/home\/userubuntu\/logrotate-state<\/pre>   
              \"\"<\/figure>   
              It records the date and time of the process execution:
              2023-9-21-9:0:0<\/code>.<\/p>   
              Let\u2019s configure automatic execution of the program every hour using the cron<\/strong> scheduler:<\/p>   
              $ crontab -e<\/pre>   
              \"\"<\/figure>   
              Add the following line:<\/p>   
              30 * * * * \/usr\/sbin\/logrotate \/home\/userubuntu\/logrotate.conf --state \/home\/userubuntu\/logrotate-state<\/pre>   
              \"\"<\/figure>   
              After saving the changes, LogRotate will run at the 30th minute of every hour<\/strong>, around the clock.<\/p> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
              Managing logs with program LogRotate on Linux systems. Configuring and tracking records at multiple levels.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-software-configuration"],"yoast_head":"\nLogRotate capabilities for managing logs on Linux systems - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 Hosting in Ukraine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Managing logs with program LogRotate on Linux systems. 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