{"id":387,"date":"2024-03-06T21:11:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T19:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/?p=387"},"modified":"2025-10-14T21:16:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T18:16:57","slug":"secure-ssl-tls-protocol-how-it-works-and-how-to-use-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/blog\/en\/domains\/secure-ssl-tls-protocol-how-it-works-and-how-to-use-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Secure SSL\/TLS protocol \u2013 how it works and how to use it"},"content":{"rendered":" <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The use of the Internet for storing or transmitting payment and confidential data requires a reliable communication channel between the user\u2019s computer and the web server. The creation of such a channel is possible thanks to encryption and authentication protocols, one of which is <strong>SSL\/TLS<\/strong>. Let\u2019s take a look at its main characteristics, capabilities, and principles of operation in practice.<\/p>   <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">General Information<\/h2>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SSL\/TLS<\/strong> belongs to the class of cryptographic protocols that ensure secure data exchange between network participants based on cryptographic algorithms and transformations.<\/p>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)<\/strong> protocol was developed first. Its latest version \u2014 <strong>SSL 3.0<\/strong> \u2014 was released in 1996, but within a few decades was considered outdated due to numerous vulnerabilities and architectural flaws.<\/p>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on <strong>SSL 3.0<\/strong>, the <strong>TLS (Transport Layer Security)<\/strong> protocol was created, whose current version today is <strong>TLS 1.3<\/strong>. Although the abbreviation SSL is still widely used, technically, most modern implementations are based on TLS as a more secure variant.<\/p>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>HTTPS<\/strong> protocol was developed on the basis of SSL; it \u201cwraps\u201d transmitted data in an encrypted SSL format. For HTTPS servers, the identifier of encryption use is port number <strong>443<\/strong> \u2014 this simplifies establishing a connection between the client and the server.<\/p>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SSL serves as an intermediate layer between application protocols (HTTP, TELNET, FTP, etc.) and the transport layer, acting as a filter that protects data from interception or tampering.<\/p>   <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Main Functions of SSL\/TLS<\/h2>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Like any cryptographic protocol, SSL\/TLS performs the following key tasks:<\/p>   <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong>Generation, exchange, and distribution of encryption keys;<\/strong><\/li>   <li><strong>Authentication of the communicating parties;<\/strong><\/li>   <li><strong>Ensuring data confidentiality and integrity;<\/strong><\/li>   <li><strong>Maintaining the integrity of the connection itself.<\/strong><\/li> <\/ul>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To implement these functions, various cryptographic algorithms are used:<\/p>   <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li>for key management \u2014 <strong>Diffie-Hellman<\/strong>, <strong>SRP<\/strong>, <strong>ECDH<\/strong>, and the legacy <strong>RSA<\/strong>;<\/li>   <li>for authentication \u2014 <strong>ECDSA<\/strong>, <strong>RSA<\/strong>, and others;<\/li>   <li>for encryption \u2014 <strong>DES<\/strong>, <strong>RC4<\/strong>, <strong>AES<\/strong>;<\/li>   <li>for data integrity verification \u2014 hash functions <strong>MD5<\/strong> and <strong>SHA<\/strong>.<\/li> <\/ul>   <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How a Secure Channel with the Server Is Established<\/h2>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before a secure channel is established between the client and the server, a <strong>connection verification<\/strong> procedure takes place, known as the <strong>\u201chandshake\u201d (SSL Handshake)<\/strong>. During this process, the parameters of the secure connection are agreed upon.<br>The client\u2019s role is usually performed by the user\u2019s browser connecting to a website. The process consists of several stages:<\/p>   <ol class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li>The client sends a request to establish a secure connection.<\/li>   <li>The server receives information about the cryptographic algorithms supported by the client.<\/li>   <li>The server selects from the proposed algorithms those it also supports and informs the client about this.<\/li>   <li>The server sends a <strong>digital certificate<\/strong> along with a <strong>public key<\/strong> required for authenticity verification.<\/li>   <li>The client verifies the received certificate by comparing it with trusted root certificates from certification authorities (CAs).<\/li>   <li>If the verification is successful, a shared <strong>session secret key<\/strong> is generated, which will be used to encrypt the session (for example, using RSA or Diffie-Hellman algorithms).<\/li> <\/ol>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the handshake procedure is completed, a <strong>secure connection<\/strong> is established between the client and the server, through which data is transmitted using symmetric encryption. The channel remains active until the connection is terminated.<\/p>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If, for any reason, the parties fail to agree on the parameters, the connection will not be established, and the client will receive an error message.<\/p>   <h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital Certificates<\/h2>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To confirm the authenticity of the public key owner, SSL\/TLS uses <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/hosting.in.ua\/ssl\">digital certificates<\/a><\/strong>.<br>They can be:<\/p>   <ul class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong>self-signed<\/strong> (Self-Signed);<\/li>   <li><strong>issued by trusted certification authorities (CAs)<\/strong>.<\/li> <\/ul>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The type of certificate determines the level of owner verification. There are three main levels:<\/p>   <ol class=\"wp-block-list\"> <li><strong>DV (Domain Validation)<\/strong> \u2014 only the domain is verified;<\/li>   <li><strong>OV (Organization Validation)<\/strong> \u2014 both the domain and the organization are verified;<\/li>   <li><strong>EV (Extended Validation)<\/strong> \u2014 the highest level of verification, with detailed owner identification.<\/li> <\/ol>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To find out what type of certificate is used on a website, simply click the padlock icon to the left of the address bar in your browser.<\/p>   <p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The certificate level directly affects the <strong>degree of user trust<\/strong> in the website.<br>This is why banks and financial institutions typically use <strong>EV<\/strong> certificates, as they involve not only domain verification but also official verification of the owner\u2019s identity \u2014 either a company or an individual. This greatly increases the website\u2019s credibility.<\/p> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SSL\/TLS data encryption and authentication protocol. Key features, capabilities, and principles of operation in practice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-domains","category-safety"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0412\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 SSL\/TLS - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 Hosting in Ukraine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SSL\/TLS data encryption and authentication protocol. 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